The issue of the “appropriate claimant” or the capacity to sue always comes into question at the stage of the judicial review of the decisions of the competition authorities. It…
…only suggested self-regulatory mechanisms for e-commerce platforms. It is important to note here that the report identifies deep discounting as a potential threat to competition. Following the Report, the CCI’s…
…not talking, in fact, about a simple “algorithm”, which in itself is a neutral instrument. Rather, we refer to much more specific techniques for implementing artificial intelligence: we are talking…
…the AEC Test as a “self-assessment tool”, as it considered the test to provide “at best a very limited degree of legal certainty and, at worst, none at all”. The…
…procedure apart from the leniency program under the AML, where participants in unlawful agreements are allowed to self-report (except for ringleaders). Under the Draft Reward Measures, a whistle-blower can report…
…certain regulatory framework onto economic relationships, which have a self-defined point of balance. Accordingly, right at this sharp interception of law and economics, antitrust rules are expected to protect the…
…further accused Apple of routinely rejecting its bug fixes and app enhancements based on unilaterally imposed restrictions which were not implemented against Apple Music. Apple deems itself as the Supreme…
…self-appointed enforcer of data protection rules, establishing a violation previously undetected by any data protection authority and placing a ‘special privacy responsibility’ on dominant firms. Paolo Siciliani, Tackling Anticompetitive…
…self-reporting by cartel participants. Pursuant to these programs, companies (or individuals) can benefit from more lenient penalties in return for disclosing their conduct and cooperating with any ensuing investigations and/or…
…for which there were no other admissible customer reviews available yet. So the theory of harm here seems to be leveraging through self-preferencing. Product materials parity requirement: sellers had to…
