…condition and the constant tension between the Commission and the Member States In the case at issue, the failure to fulfil the first Altmark condition is self-evident given that Poste…
…the right against self-incrimination as applicable in traditional criminal law proceedings. Natural persons, however, might be charged for infringements as well. Such infringements will remain criminal in nature. As it…
…party as the second best option.[20] In other words, according to the Commission, the fact that the parties were “close” was by itself sufficient to show that the merging parties…
…society as a whole” (para. 60). On the other hand, Germany recognizes that its arguments largely draw on Commission guidance, not Article 101(3) TFEU itself or European court precedents. National…
…and the users thus suffered a loss of control over their right of data self-determination. In addition, the FCO held that there was an obstructive effect to the detriment of…
…2013, remains to be the law of the land. Since the draft of the new legislation contains some welcome changes – such as the introduction of self-assessment for restrictive agreements…
We are happy to inform you that the latest issue of the journal is now available and includes the following contributions: Pablo Ibáñez Colomo, Self-Preferencing: Yet Another Epithet in…
…a system of self-assessment under Regulation 1/2003. While the EC has since ushered in comprehensive guidance – via block exemptions and guidelines – to assist businesses with the task of…
…face similar challenges as platform workers in terms of representation, earnings, and social protection. Solo self-employed workers (self-employed without employees) may face unbalanced negotiation power vis-à-vis certain firms/buyers of labour…
…justified its decision to leave the market definition open and agreed with ACM’s conclusion that the merger would not significantly impede effective competition. We highlight four judgments: Funda: about self-preferencing,…
