…procedural manoeuvre to achieve a review by the Court of Justice. The opinion itself provides an overview of the existing ancillary restraints test and clarifies the distinction to an individual…
…to conduct a self-assessment to determine whether or not their agreements restrict competition and whether they meet the conditions to be considered justified in the light of efficiency gains, the…
…Europe as a response to the DMA and the prohibition of self-preferencing. Nowadays, Google is not linking Google Maps results in a Google Search response. Their tests also pointed to…
…to amend remedies within a 10-year period after a finding of an adverse effect on competition, subject to an initial two-year cooling off period where the CMA cannot itself instigate…
…information self-determination (on the complexity of interpreting user consent across regulations, see Botta’s and Borges’ recent working paper). The enforcement of risk Such complexity in the conflation of applicable…
…of self-preferencing and, together with other hypotheses on preferential access to data, it has been targeted by some policy makers and competition authorities because of the competitive risks originating from…
…the self-preferencing prohibition under Article 6(5) also met public scrutiny. Moreover, the European Commission has also taken issue with Apple’s compliance with Article 6(3) DMA, i.e., how it presents web…
…the EC Notice on the Notion of State aid as a self-limitation for the EC when applying Article 107(1) TFEU. This was the second time that the GC had to…
…101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) Regulations of 2022 (P.I. 442/2022)), which, in essence, offers undertakings involved in a cartel that self-reports and hands…
…tools enable companies to enforce or discipline their cartels more effectively, this could be reflected in the fines they may receive. The use of self-learning algorithms, such as those in…
