…utilize presumptions. Five specific types of conduct – exclusive supply or purchasing agreements, rebates conditional upon exclusivity, predatory pricing, margin squeezes with negative spreads, and certain tying arrangements – all…
…mass mail (but not in the downstream distribution of mass mail). Austrian Post had applied a less favourable rebate scheme, lower rebate percentages, and lower annual bonus payments to third-party…
…CDF will not be allowed to establish discriminatory minimum guarantees. This judgment was challenged before the Supreme Court and the final decision is still pending. Supreme Court on exclusionary rebates…
…FCO found that Pfanner and its distributors agreed resale prices should stay close to the recommended resale prices (RRPs) and that rebates should consist of product freebees rather than monetary…
…AEC test insofar as it did not prove any anti-competitive effects on its decisions, the Court of Justice noted that the capability of loyalty rebates to foreclose (forbidden word in…
This year, we kick off our ‘main developments in competition law and policy’ series with this special treat! Main Developments in Competition Law and Policy 2018-2024: Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel,…
…discounts. For the rebate system, the Board remarked that the rebates were personalized and comprised all or a sizable amount of a reseller’s total purchases. If the targets were not…
…fundamental difference between exclusivity and non-exclusivity rebates, (2) the practical difficulty of drawing the boundary between exclusivity and non-exclusivity rebates and (3) in view of the fact that the possible…
…rebates that are not subject to exclusive purchase or supply requirements, multi-product rebates, self-preferencing, and access restrictions different from refusal to supply. Assessment of objective justifications and efficiencies The…
…costs in the medium term. The GC further considers that the EC was wrong to consider that the rebates introduced by the graduated tariff would satisfy the MEOP, since it…
