Main Developments in Competition Law and Policy 2023 – Spain
…purchase ships built by Spanish shipyards at a 20-30% rebate (SA.21233). In 2013, the Commission concluded that three out of the five tax measures conforming the STLS amounted to State…
…purchase ships built by Spanish shipyards at a 20-30% rebate (SA.21233). In 2013, the Commission concluded that three out of the five tax measures conforming the STLS amounted to State…
…of the Court of Justice in case C-680/20, the Consiglio di Stato concluded that the ICA correctly deemed Unilever liable for the conducts (including exclusivity clauses and rebates) that Unilever…
…loyalty rebates, which since Intel escape liability if they do not meet the as-efficient-competitor test, even if they are capable of foreclosing (less efficient) competitors. So what is the right…
…market for print advertising in TV magazines. The FCO did not uphold this finding: market shares shifted for all players from 2014-2021, and rebates granted to advertising customers were relatively…
…2009 decision dealt with two different types of practices that were considered to be anti-competitive at the time. On the one hand, the decision analysed conditional loyalty rebates, which the…
…Karcher risked losing rebates, marketing support, or even terminating their contract with Karcher. Some distributors played an active role in supporting the enforcement of measures meant to discipline non-compliance with…
…fee holidays, discounts and rebates. Given the importance of network effects and the stickiness of liquidity once it has gathered on a venue, the time to market and first-mover advantage…
…of an AEC test in rebate cases should be assessed on the basis of the type of rebates at stake, by distinguishing between retroactive rebates conditional on a customer purchasing…
…of tax credits, performance requirements, direct rebates and subsidies and favours American-made green technology. Specifically, the Act will grant in the following ten years up to $370 billion to undertakings…
…their object to prevent, restrict or distort competition in the Greek market. b) price signalling: disclosing information on prices, rebates, benefits or credits related to the products or services supplied…