The ECN+ Directive had to be transposed into the national laws by 4 February 2021. Only five Member States (Germany, Hungary, Lithuania, Sweden, and the Netherlands) adopted their national implementing measures in time. On the date of this blog-post, Estonia remains as the only Member State that has not yet transposed the ECN+ Directive (see…
Introduction With 2024 now in hindsight, it is time to reflect on the developments in the Polish competition law landscape over the past year. It can be summarized as a continuation of activities of the Polish Competition Authority – President of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection (UOKiK), based on previously developed frameworks, taking…
In June 2024, amendments to the Canadian Competition Act (Act) garnered significant attention (and often, criticism) from both business and legal communities in Canada for the introduction of new “greenwashing” provisions. The new provisions explicitly require businesses to substantiate claims made to Canadian consumers relating to the benefits of the business, business activities, products and/or…
A regulatory dialogue entails at least two parties exchanging their views to reach a conclusion on a common topic. That’s what first comes to mind, at least. Well, the European Commission (EC)’s idea of such a dialogue differs greatly from that. Exhibit A: the EC’s publication of its preliminary findings on the two ongoing cases…
For Korea, 2024 was a tumultuous year, even setting aside the president’s unexpected self-coup and martial law incident (luckily, short-lived as a mere midwinter night’s dream). Discussions around platform regulation were more intense than ever, and urgent debates emerged regarding the role of competition law and policy in the AI sector (which seems to be…
In Tuesday’s judgment C-253/53 – ASG 2, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) provides some clarification on the compatibility of German rules restricting the fiduciary assignment of cartel damage claims to a provider of legal services with the principle of effectiveness and the right to effective judicial protection in EU law. The ECJ took a…
Introduction Big tech platforms possess characteristics that lead to entrenched structural power and a lack of competition. One notable feature is the existence of extreme economies of scale, arising from the minimal marginal costs associated with additional business users or end users. Furthermore, the services offered by these platforms exhibit strong network effects and an…
In comparison to the year prior, 2024 may have seemed a quiet time for Peruvian competition law, but it was not without important developments. Heralded worldwide as the “year of elections,” 2024 brought changes to the Peruvian competition agency (the National Institute for the Defense of Competition and the Protection of Intellectual Property, or INDECOPI,…
On 14 January 2025, the European Commission (“Commission”) published the findings of its first investigation under the EU’s International Procurement Instrument (“IPI”). Findings of the investigation concludes that China unfairly treated EU medical devices and suppliers in its public procurement.[1] The Chinese government did not contest these findings, but noted (accurately) that it had not…
On 15 January 2025, the European Commission (Commission) adopted a recommendation inviting Member States to review investments made by domestic companies into third countries (so-called “outbound investments”). The recommendation aligns with similar mechanisms adopted in other countries, (e.g. the US Department of the Treasury’s Outbound Investment Security Program), and is part of a broader strategy…
