Digital

Digital, Digital competition, Digital economy, Digital markets, Digital Markets Act, European Union, Fines

(University Villanueva, Spain)/ /Leave a comment

Fast and furious: that was the premise that would make the DMA’s enforcement effective. Overcompensating for past grievances in the application of Article 102 TFEU in the digital markets in terms of speed and remedies justifies the DMA’s need for having regulatory teeth. And teeth it has. On 22 April 2025, the European Commission (EC)…

Digital, Digital competition, Digital economy, Digital markets, Digital Markets Act

(University Villanueva, Spain)/ /Leave a comment

On 14 April 2025, Meta confirmed that it will start training its AI with publicly available data from Europeans so its models “can understand the incredible and diverse nuances and complexities that make up European communities”. Regardless of the wider repercussions of such a move from the data protection perspective, since Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp and…

Digital, Digital competition, Digital economy, Digital markets, Digital Markets Act, European Commission

(University Villanueva, Spain)/ /Leave a comment

The DMA celebrates its second year of application. Since its existence, the regulation has brought changes to the digital space but also regulatory unpredictability in terms of legal standards and enforcement strategies. It’s, however, a time to reflect on the DMA’s achievements and there is nothing better to assess that than to look out for…

Apple, Digital, Digital economy, Germany, National competition authorities (NCAs), Self-preferencing

(Heinz & Zagrosek Partner mbB, Germany)/ /1 Comment

Introduction On February 13, 2025, the Bundeskartellamt (Federal Cartel Office, “FCO”) sent its statement of objections to Apple regarding the App Tracking Transparency Framework (“ATTF”), setting out competition concerns based on a preliminary legal assessment (see press release here).  The FCO initiated proceedings under Section 19a ARC and Art. 102 TFEU on June 14, 2022…

Digital, Digital competition, Digital economy, Digital markets, Digital Markets Act, Interoperability

(University Villanueva, Spain)/ /Leave a comment

A regulatory dialogue entails at least two parties exchanging their views to reach a conclusion on a common topic. That’s what first comes to mind, at least. Well, the European Commission (EC)’s idea of such a dialogue differs greatly from that. Exhibit A: the EC’s publication of its preliminary findings on the two ongoing cases…

Digital, Digital competition, Digital economy, Digital markets, Digital Markets Act, Regulation

(University Villanueva, Spain)/ /Leave a comment

Digital platforms behave as quasi-governments replacing regulators in their public duties of decision-making and rule-setting. To address this shift, legislators in different jurisdictions are adopting digital regulations across various fields, notably to curb digital market power or content moderation. The striking difference between these rules and those set out in the past lies in the…

Abuse of dominance, Algorithms, Antitrust, Digital, Digital competition, Digital economy, Digital markets, Digitisation, Discrimination, Dominance, European Court of Justice, European Union, Evidence, Google

(University of Göttingen, Germany), (University of Vienna, Austria), and (LMU Munich)/ /Leave a comment

The recent Google Shopping ruling has already sparked much debate, and an earlier blog post offers a detailed overview of the judgment itself. Building on this, this contribution’s focus is to emphasize and discuss some aspects in the academic analysis, the judgment’s broader implications and outlook for further actions. It builds upon a recently published…

Digital, Digital markets, Digital Markets Act, Enforcement, European Commission

(Morais Leitão)/ /Leave a comment

Key message The discretion afforded to the European Commission (‘EC’) is of central importance with regard to the implementation and enforcement of the Digital Markets Act (‘DMA’). If viewed as arbitrariness, particularly in view of a normative framework that arguably permits such a perspective, the European Commission’s decisions may potentially jeopardise the rule of law…

Digital, Digital competition, Digital economy, Digital markets, Merger control, Mergers, United Kingdom

, , (White & Case) and (White & Case, Belgium)/ /Leave a comment

After years of planning and debate, the UK’s Digital Markets, Competition, and Consumers Act will come into force on 1 January 2025. This landmark legislation provides expanded powers to the CMA in respect of merger control, digital markets, competition and consumer protection.   The DMCC The Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act (DMCC) is the final…

AI, Digital, Digital markets, Killer acquisitions, Market study, Regulation

(Solicitor (England and Wales) and Advocate (India))/ /Leave a comment

By most indicators, the Generative AI or GenAI ecosystem is a dynamic and competitive space. GenAI is estimated to generate $2.6 trillion to $4.4 trillion in value for the global economy. There has been a substantial influx of venture capital investments backing innovative start-ups. Since ChatGPT launched in 2022, there are now more than 310 large…