On September 10, 2024, the European Court of Justice (ECJ or Court) sided with the European Commission (Commission) and ruled that two Irish subsidiaries of Apple Inc. received unlawful state aid from Ireland in the form of a tax advantage (Case C-465/20 P). Ireland has reported that it will now finalise the recovery of approximately…
The Competition Chapter of the EU-Georgia Association Agreement sets the obligation for the Parties to maintain “comprehensive competition laws” and to have an “appropriately equipped, effective authority”. The Georgian Competition and Consumer Agency (“GCCA”) is a designated authority enforcing the Law of Georgia “On Competition” and related bylaws since its establishment in 2014. Georgian competition legislation…
The Competition Chapter of the EU-Georgia Association Agreement emphasizes the importance of “free and undistorted competition in the trade relations”. It also sets the obligation of the Parties to maintain “comprehensive competition laws” and have “appropriately equipped, effective authority”. In line with these obligations, an independent competition authority (Georgian National Competition Agency – “GNCA”) was…
Legislation overview The Constitution of Georgia (Article 6.2) lays down the framework for free and undistorted competition in the Georgian market. The Competition Chapter of the Association Agreement between the European Union (“EU”) and Georgia emphasizes the importance of “free and undistorted competition in the trade relations“. It also concretizes the obligation of the Parties…
In the context of ongoing antitrust investigations into Facebook Inc.’s (‘Facebook’) data-related practices (AT.40628) and Facebook marketplace (AT.40684), on 13 March 2020 the European Commission (‘Commission’) issued two formal requests for information (‘RFIs’), requiring the company to produce a large number of internal documents. Facebook challenged the RFIs before the General Court of the European…
