Digital economy

AI, Algorithms, Amazon, Digital, Digital competition, Digital economy, Digital markets, Digital Markets Act, European Commission, European Union, Ex ante regulation

(University Villanueva, Spain)/ /Leave a comment

The Digital Markets Act (DMA) became entirely applicable on 7 March 2024 for most gatekeepers. By then, the gatekeepers issued their compliance reports documenting their technical solutions and implementation of the DMA’s provisions under Article 11 DMA as well as their reports on consumer profiling techniques as required under Article 15 DMA. A year later, six gatekeepers…

AI, Digital competition, Digital economy, Digital markets, Digital Markets Act, European Union

(University Villanueva, Spain)/ /Leave a comment

The Digital Markets Act (DMA) became entirely applicable on 7 March 2024 for most gatekeepers. By then, the gatekeepers issued their compliance reports documenting their technical solutions and implementation of the DMA’s provisions under Article 11 DMA as well as their reports on consumer profiling techniques as required under Article 15 DMA. A year later,…

Competition policy, Digital economy, Regulation, United States of America

(Georgetown Law and Harvard Kennedy School)/ /Leave a comment

This article makes a modest pitch: The Trump‑Vance Administration should hire venture capitalists (“VCs‑in‑Residence”) in antitrust agencies to help predict the trajectory of emerging technologies. Just as antitrust agencies enlisted technologists to understand the technology behind today’s challenges, they should now partner with VCs to anticipate the technology ahead. The Republican senator from Ohio declared:…

Digital, Digital competition, Digital economy, Digital markets, Digital Markets Act, European Union, Fines

(University Villanueva, Spain)/ /Leave a comment

Fast and furious: that was the premise that would make the DMA’s enforcement effective. Overcompensating for past grievances in the application of Article 102 TFEU in the digital markets in terms of speed and remedies justifies the DMA’s need for having regulatory teeth. And teeth it has. On 22 April 2025, the European Commission (EC)…

Digital, Digital competition, Digital economy, Digital markets, Digital Markets Act

(University Villanueva, Spain)/ /1 Comment

On 14 April 2025, Meta confirmed that it will start training its AI with publicly available data from Europeans so its models “can understand the incredible and diverse nuances and complexities that make up European communities”. Regardless of the wider repercussions of such a move from the data protection perspective, since Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp and…

Digital, Digital competition, Digital economy, Digital markets, Digital Markets Act, European Commission

(University Villanueva, Spain)/ /Leave a comment

The DMA celebrates its second year of application. Since its existence, the regulation has brought changes to the digital space but also regulatory unpredictability in terms of legal standards and enforcement strategies. It’s, however, a time to reflect on the DMA’s achievements and there is nothing better to assess that than to look out for…

Apple, Digital, Digital economy, Germany, National competition authorities (NCAs), Self-preferencing

(Heinz & Zagrosek Partner mbB, Germany)/ /1 Comment

Introduction On February 13, 2025, the Bundeskartellamt (Federal Cartel Office, “FCO”) sent its statement of objections to Apple regarding the App Tracking Transparency Framework (“ATTF”), setting out competition concerns based on a preliminary legal assessment (see press release here).  The FCO initiated proceedings under Section 19a ARC and Art. 102 TFEU on June 14, 2022…

Digital, Digital competition, Digital economy, Digital markets, Digital Markets Act, Interoperability

(University Villanueva, Spain)/ /Leave a comment

A regulatory dialogue entails at least two parties exchanging their views to reach a conclusion on a common topic. That’s what first comes to mind, at least. Well, the European Commission (EC)’s idea of such a dialogue differs greatly from that. Exhibit A: the EC’s publication of its preliminary findings on the two ongoing cases…

Abuse of dominance, Digital competition, Digital economy, Digital markets, Digital Markets Act, New Competition Tool, Policy, Remedies, Structural competition problems, Technological Development

, (University of Utrecht)/ /Leave a comment

Introduction Big tech platforms possess characteristics that lead to entrenched structural power and a lack of competition. One notable feature is the existence of extreme economies of scale, arising from the minimal marginal costs associated with additional business users or end users. Furthermore, the services offered by these platforms exhibit strong network effects and an…

Competition policy, Digital economy, Digital markets, Guidance, Mergers, United Kingdom

, (White & Case) and (White & Case, Belgium)/ /Leave a comment

The UK’s Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) has published a suite of guidance documents that set out how it intends to exercise its powers under the Digital Markets, Competition, and Consumers Act (Act). The Act, which entered into force on 1 January 2025, grants the CMA significant new powers and procedural flexibility. The CMA guidance…